Tuesday, 19 May 2020

Gender discrimination in legal fraternity of India – the ‘LawSikho’ incident

May 19, 2020 0 Comments
Gender discrimination in legal fraternity of India – the ‘LawSikho’ incident


  • A legal education organization by the name of LawSikho conducted a webinar titled, "How can busy professionals have a dating life". The flyer for the webinar carried a "for men only" condition. CEO of the organization, Ramanuj Mukherjee, stated that a "for women only" webinar was also in the offing.

  • When the initial questions were raised about a legal website conducting such a webinar, the CEO of the organization justified the same by referring to the deplorable Bois Locker Room episode and stating that such incidents could be avoided if men were taught the "art of seduction".

  • The entire fiasco went downhill from this point onward. During the course of the webinar, certain degrading statements were uttered by Sehrawat, with little to no intervention from Mukherjee, who moderated the event. Sehrawat encouraged the participants to "close the deal" with a woman within 4 days, otherwise the "bread" would turn stale and it would be a lost opportunity. 

  • On being asked a question about what one should do if they are academically challenged, Sehrawat dismissed the insecurities of the law student and stated that women are attracted to sportspersons ("jocks") who always score on the lower side of the scale. At this point, a young law student by the name of Avanti objected to the content of the webinar as it was based on appalling and sexist stereotypes being taught to vulnerable young men. It is here where matters took a turn for the worse. 

  • This exchange between the law student and the event moderator was soon shared on Twitter and elicited an explosive response from persons of all genders.
  • The LawSikho incident is a microcosm of the internalized misogyny and sexism which is prevalent in the legal fraternity. It is a truth universally acknowledged, but seldom conveyed, that a woman faces abject discrimination in every space that she enters, be it personal or professional.

  • With the slow evolution of gender justice and its penetration into workplaces, there have been some positive changes, though few and far between, in the law governing discrimination against women; for instance, we now have The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH). 

  • There also exists the ironical issue of lack of adherence of POSH policies across law chambers. 
  • POSH Act, 2013 was promulgated as a result of the case of Vishaka & Ors. V. State of Rajasthan & Ors (1997).

  • The statement of object and reasons conveys that the Act is an attempt to protect the "fundamental rights of a woman to equality under Articles 14 and 15 of the Constitution of India and her right to life and to live with dignity under Article 21 of the Constitution and right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade, or business which includes a right to a safe environment free from sexual harassment".

Odisha, West Bengal brace for Amphan

May 19, 2020 0 Comments
Odisha, West Bengal brace for Amphan 


The storm system in the Bay of Bengal, Amphan, developed into a super cyclone and is expected to make landfall along the West Bengal-Bangladesh coast, according to the India Meteorological Department. 

Currently, Amphan is located about 730 km south of Paradip in Odisha, 890 km south-southwest of Digha in West Bengal and 1,010 km south-southwest of Khepupara in Bangladesh. Windspeeds are expected to hit 240 kmph and extensive damage along the coast is expected in Odisha and West Bengal. 

Cyclone Phailin in 2013 and the super cyclone of 1999 — both of which hit coastal Odisha — have been the most powerful cyclones in the Bay of Bengal in the past two decades in terms of windspeed.

India’s virus tally crosses 1 lakh; fatality count mounts to 3,157

May 19, 2020 0 Comments
India’s virus tally crosses 1 lakh; fatality count mounts to 3,157

COVID-19 cases crossed the one lakh-mark

India’s tally of COVID-19 cases crossed the one lakh-mark, with 5,079 new infections taking the total to 1,00,734, according to data from the State Health Departments. Of these 58,360 are active cases, while 39,217 persons have recovered from the disease. 

The country recorded 136 more deaths in the past 24 hours, taking the overall death toll to 3,157. The average number of new cases everyday since May 11 has gone up to 4,077, while the average number of fatalities per day for the period is 115.

 Maharashtra topped the nationwide tally with more than 35,000 confirmed cases and 1,249 deaths, followed by Tamil Nadu with 11,760 confirmed cases and 81 deaths. Gujarat has reported 11,746 confirmed cases, but its death toll is higher than Tamil Nadu at 694. Mumbai reported 1,185 fresh cases and 23 more deaths, taking the total cases in the city to 21,152 and fatalities to 757.

 According to the Union Health Ministry, the country has now registered a jump of over 10,000 cases in the past two days — the highest so far in 48 hours.

India Host to Large Migratory Species

May 19, 2020 0 Comments
Why in news?

  Scientists say that the total number of migratory fauna from India comes to 457 species, with new additions to the wildlife list put out by the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS). Birds comprise 83% (380 species) of this figure.

 Migratory species in India


migrant workers

  The ZSI had put the number at 451. Six species were added later.  
 They are the Asian elephant, great Indian bustard, Bengal florican, oceanic white-tip shark, urial and smooth hammerhead shark.
  Globally, more than 650 species are listed under the CMS appendices and India, with over 450 species, plays a very important role in their conservation.

  The bird family Muscicapidae has the highest number of migratory species.   The next highest group of migratory birds is raptors or birds of prey, such as eagles, owls, vultures and kites which are from the family Accipitridae. 

  The estimate of 44 migratory mammal species in India has risen to 46 after COP 13.  
 The Asian elephant was added to Appendix I and the urial to Appendix II. 
 The largest group of mammals is definitely bats belonging to the family Vespertilionidae. 

  Dolphins are the second highest group of mammals with nine migratory species of dolphins listed. 
 Seven reptiles, which include five species of turtles and the Indian gharial and salt water crocodile, are among the CMS species found in India. Flyways in India  India has three flyways (flight paths used by birds): o The Central Asian 
flyway,  o East Asian flyway and East Asian,  o Australasian flyway.  

 In India, their migratory species number 41, followed by ducks (38) belonging to the family Anatidae. Zoological survey of India 

 The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) was launched in 1916 to promote survey, exploration, and research to enhance the knowledge regarding the flora and fauna of the British Indian Empire. It is India’s apex organization on animal taxonomy.  

 The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) is a premier Indian organization in zoological research and studies.  

 It originated as a Zoological Section of the Indian Museum in Kolkata. 
 Initially, the ZSI had eight regional centres across India. Currently, there are 16 regional centres spread across the country. 
 The headquarters are in Kolkata.
  It has been declared as a designated repository for the National Zoological Collection as per Section 39 of the National Biodiversity Act, 2002. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS)

 It is an environmental treaty under the aegis of the United Nations Environment Programme, CMS (also referred to as the Bonn Convention) provides a global platform for the conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals and their habitats.

  It is the only global convention specializing in the conservation of migratory species, their habitats and migration routes. 

About: Ways and Means Advances (WMA),Types ,limits

May 19, 2020 0 Comments
About: Ways and Means Advances (WMA)

Ways and Means Advances are decided by the government

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) gives temporary loan facilities to the central and state governments. This loan facility is called Ways and Means Advances (WMA).

The Ways and Means Advances scheme was introduced in 1997 to meet mismatches in the receipts and payments of the government.
Under this scheme, a government can avail itself of immediate cash from the RBI as a loan at the existing repo rate. However, the loan repayment has to be done within 90 days.
If the WMA exceeds 90 days, it would be treated as an overdraft (interest rate on overdrafts is 2 percentage points more than the repo rate).

WMA limit:


The limits for Ways and Means Advances are decided by the government and RBI mutually and revised periodically.
For the second half of the 2019-20 financial year, RBI set Rs 35,000 crore as limit for Ways and Means Advances.

Types of WMA:


There are two types of Ways and Means Advances:

Normal
Special

Special WMA: The Special WMA or Special Drawing Facility is provided against the collateral of the government securities held by the state. After the state has exhausted the limit of SDF, it gets normal WMA. The interest rate for SDF is one percentage point less than the repo rate.

Normal WMA: The number of loans under normal WMA is based on a three-year average of actual revenue and capital expenditure of the state. 

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) vs Gold backed Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)

May 19, 2020 0 Comments
About: Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)


Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)

An exchange-traded fund can be seen as a basket of underlying assets, such as shares, bonds, commodities and indices, that are pooled together into a single entity.

It divides ownership of these assets into shares, which are later sold on the open market. Each share of an ETF gives its owner a proportional stake in the total assets of the fund.

Briefly, Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) are like mutual funds listed and traded on stock exchanges like shares.
Usually, ETFs are passive funds where the fund manager doesn’t select stocks on your behalf. Instead, the ETF simply copies an index and endeavours to accurately reflect its performance.

In an ETF, one can buy and sell units at prevailing market price on a real time basis during market hours.
The ETFs trading value is based on the net asset value of the underlying stocks that it represents.

ETFs are offered on virtually all asset classes ranging from traditional investments to alternative assets like commodities or currencies.

About: Gold backed Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)


A gold ETF, or exchange-traded fund, is a commodity ETF that consists of only one principal asset i.e. gold.
Gold-backed ETFs and similar funds allow investors to generally track the price of gold, giving them access to the properties and security of owning physical gold without the need to arrange for storage and insurance separately.

Note: If one buys shares in a gold ETF he/she do not actually own any physical gold.

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